Why Does Jupiter Have the Great Red Spot? by comparing its infrared thermal emission to its visible-light reflection, along Jupiter's orbit, 60° ahead of and behind Jupiter. Why does the plasma tail of a comet always point away from the Sun? Project Description. (Io and Europa have almost no meteor craters because on both of them the crust is being changed relatively quickly (by lava on Io, by water on Europa)). Hot Jupiters migrate in from the outer regions of the solar system, taking out any small planets in their way. Which moon shows evidence of rainfall and erosion by some liquid substance? rotates very rapidly; possible to infer large rocky core. Why do astronomers believe that Triton is a captured moon? This keeps them from lumping together and forming a planet In fact, it tends to make the asteroids break apart when they collide, Halley's comet is name after the English scientist Edmund Halley because he, calculated its orbit predicted that it would return in 1758. The short answer is simple: Jupiter doesn’t have enough mass to fuse hydrogen into helium. Which of the following can contribute to explaining why Jovian moons are sometimes much more geological active than terrestrial worlds of similar (or smaller) size? But then another hot Jupiter was found. And another. Astronomers have detected small lakes of liquid water on Europa's surface. So why is Jupiter a planet and not a star? How do typically wind speeds in Jupiter's atmosphere compare to typical wind speeds on Earth? The sun is one thousand times heavier than Jupiter, but Jupiter is two and a half times heavier than all of the other planets in our solar system put together! Read on to learn how Jupiter came achingly close to being its own star. Suppose that our Sun was cool enough to include Mercury in its habitable zone. yes, by measuring both the star's orbital period and its change in velocity over the orbit, The reason that most extrasolar planets are found close to their parent stars is, the amount and frequency of the star's motion are both higher, Based on what we know about our solar system, the discovery of hot Jupiter's came as a surprise to scientists because these planets are, Only supports sudden cause of demise of the dinosaurs, Consistent with gradual cause of demise of the dinosaurs, The change in fossils at the KT sediment layer suggests that in addition to the dinos ______also went extinct, abut 3/4s of all species living at the time. What would you see as you looked down on the rings? Where did comets that are now in the Oort cloud originally form? They actually contain relatively little material in a gaseous state. by raining dense helium droplets from higher to lower altitudes, resembling the process of differentiation. Which of the following statements best describes the size of the largest asteroid, Ceres? But it could have been so much more, if not for a few missing features. Based on what we know about our solar system, the discovery of hot Jupiter's came as a surprise to scientists because these planets are. It probably formed as a result of a giant impact. Fossilized dinosaur bones contain fragments of rock from the impact. So Jupiter could have theoretically moved even closer to the sun to become a true hot jupiter but the extremely complex, chaotic, and dynamic conditions of the early solar system set in motion a string of interactions that prevented that from happening and instead formed the solar system we see today. Which of Jupiter's moons has the strongest evidence of an ocean? That heat is still leaking out through the atmospheric blanket. Why were the rings of Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune not discovered until the 20th century? In the light of what we know about geological activity on the terrestrial worlds, why might it seem surprising to find geological activity on Jovian moons? Why do the Jovian planet interiors differ? It is about the same size but is 10 times more massive. Only Mercury would be in the Sun's habitable zone. If so, why can't they be detected? cold. What does Jupiter have three distinct layers of clouds? When do comets generally begin to form a tail? The asteroids belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. They are much faster than hurricane winds on Earth, T/F: Hydrogen exists as a gas, liquid, and solid within Jupiter. Suppose that large jovian planets had never formed in our solar system. Which of the following best explains why we see horizontal "stripes" in photographs of Jupiter and Saturn? The light stripes are regions of high clouds, and the dark stripes are regions where we can see down to deeper darker clouds. All gas giants form far from their star but then some migrate inwards. Jupiter’s auroral glow is much stronger than Earth’s, so researchers assumed it was caused by the same process that generates our planet’s brightest auroras. Temperatures on Jupiter and Saturn are too high for methane to condense. So why is Jupiter a planet and not a star? The two Jovian planets that contain the highest portions of hydrogen compounds are. Which of the following is a real piece of evidence pointing to geological activity on Pluto? First off, you should know that Jupiter does not have a hard, rocky surface like the one we have here on Earth. The reason why there isn’t one in our Solar System is down to its formation. why has jupiter retained most of its atmosphere? Which of the following would most likely be true? There have been a few other fairly sudden mass extinctions, but none are as clearly tied to impacts as the dinosaur extinction. what kinds of planets are easiest to detect with each method? Thus, the phrase “stepping on the surface of Jupiter” would not be literally possible, as Jupiter is a gas giant, meaning that it has no hard, solid surface to set one’s feet on.. Which of the following best describes why scientists seek to identify even small asteroids that could potentially hit Earth? rotation rate is not constant from one location to another. The spacecraft, which arrived at Jupiter in July 2016, is the first to study the planet's mysterious, cloud-shrouded interior. Which of the following best explains why many jovian moons gave been more geologically active than the Moon or Mercury? Jupiter, being the biggest planet, gets its name from the king of the ancient Roman gods. severity and quantity of craters depends more on crust renewal than location. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun, and is a gas giant. When you see the bright flash of a meteor, what are you actually seeing? What would happen to Jupiter if we could somehow double its mass? According to our theory of solar system formation, why did Uranus and Neptune end up to be much less massive than Jupiter and Saturn? Atmospheric loss. Why do Uranus and Neptune have blue methane clouds but Jupiter and Saturn do not? Where is the asteroid belt located and why? Why do Jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance? Which is not a piece of evidence supporting the idea that Europa may have been a subsurface ocean? Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers? What is the relevance of tidal heating to the possibility of life on Jovian moons? Overall, what do current data suggest about planetary types in other planetary systems? what is responsible for jupiters huge magnetic field? the three layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures. In that region of the solar system, Jupiter's resonances pump up the eccentricities of objects, making them to collide at high speed. Why does Neptune appear blue and Jupiter red? tidal heating can lead to subsurface zones of liquid water, T/F: Jupiter's great red spot is a low-pressure storm like a hurricane on Earth. -because they are relatively small in size. earth-sized hurricane. “Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are all far too hot in their upper atmospheres compared to the amount of sunlight they receive,” said lead author James O’Donoghue, a … the solar wind electromagnetically "blows" the ions directly away from the Sun, Things known prior to New Horizons mission, -Pluto has a comet like composition of ice and rock, Things learned from the New Horizons mission, Possible but not proven from New Horizons mission, -Pluto has a subsurface ocean of liquid water, T/F: The total mass of the Kuiper belt is greater than that of the asteroid belt, In the asteroid impact theory of the extinction of the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the dinos died off largely because, dust injected into the stratosphere from the impact absorbed visible light from the Sun, causing global temperatures to plummet, what are strengths and limitations of the Doppler method, -advantage of being able to detect planets in a wide range of orbits, Strengths and limitations of the transit method. A new look at a Jupiter-size planet orbiting extremely close to its parent star seems to defy the leading hypothesis for how these "hot Jupiters" arrive at their tight orbits. (Ganymede and Callisto have more craters because they are less geologically active). Planets come in a wider range of types than the planets in our solar system. by comparing its brightness in visible light to its brightness in infrared light. Which jovian planet should have the most extreme seasonal changes? If the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter is stripped away via hydrodynamic escape, its core may become a chthonian planet. Why do some scientists say that the Moon may have been important for the evolution of human life? Hot Jupiters are a class of gas giant exoplanets that are inferred to be physically similar to Jupiter but that have very short orbital periods (P < 10 days). What part of a comet points most directly away from the Sun? theory for jupiter's internal heat source: when jupiter was created, some gravitational energy was converted into heat in the interior. Triton orbits Neptune in a direction opposite that of Neptune's rotation, -double ridged surface features strongly suggest a subsurface ocean below, -most distant from Jupiter of these four moons. While that debate goes on, a subtler question arises about how influential Jupiter was in the early Solar System. Suppose there were no solar wind. They typically have temperatures of a thousand to several thousand … Different layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures, alternating bands of rising and falling air at different latitudes.